Professional Background of Theorist
Susan Miller
Nola Pender began studying health-promoting behavior in the mid-1970's and first published the Health Promotion Model (HPM) in 1982. She reported that the model was constructed from expectancy-value theory and social cognitive theory using a nursing perspective. The model has been modified twice since it's original publication, once in the 1980's and most recently in 1996 (McEwen & Wills, 2011).
During her active research career, Nola Pender conducted research testing on the Health Promotion Model with adults and adolescents. She also developed the program “Girls on the Move” with her research team and began intervention research into the usefulness of the model in helping adolescents adopt physically active lifestyles, developing a number of instruments that measure components of the model. In retirement, she consults on health promotion research nationally and internationally (University of Michigan School of Nursing, n.d.).
Dr. Pender has been a nurse educator for over forty years. Throughout her career, she taught baccalaureate, masters, and PhD students; she also mentored a number of postdoctoral fellows. In 1998, she received the Mae Edna Doyle Teacher of the Year Award from the University of Michigan School of Nursing. She currently serves as a Distinguished Professor at Loyola University Chicago, School of Nursing (University of Michigan School of Nursing, n.d.).
During her active research career, Nola Pender conducted research testing on the Health Promotion Model with adults and adolescents. She also developed the program “Girls on the Move” with her research team and began intervention research into the usefulness of the model in helping adolescents adopt physically active lifestyles, developing a number of instruments that measure components of the model. In retirement, she consults on health promotion research nationally and internationally (University of Michigan School of Nursing, n.d.).
Dr. Pender has been a nurse educator for over forty years. Throughout her career, she taught baccalaureate, masters, and PhD students; she also mentored a number of postdoctoral fellows. In 1998, she received the Mae Edna Doyle Teacher of the Year Award from the University of Michigan School of Nursing. She currently serves as a Distinguished Professor at Loyola University Chicago, School of Nursing (University of Michigan School of Nursing, n.d.).
Background of Theory
- The Health Promotion Model (HPM) proposed by Nola J Pender (1982; revised, 1996) was designed to be a “complementary counterpart to models of health protection.”
- It defines health as "a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease".
- Health promotion is directed at increasing a client’s level of well being.
- The health promotion model describes the multi dimensional nature of persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health.
- The model focuses on the following three areas:
- · Individual characteristics and experiences
- · Behavior-specific cognitions and affect
- · Behavioral outcomes (Nursing Theories, 2012)